Communications from the Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory of the University of Leiden Volume 9 by Rijksuniversiteit Te Laboratorium
This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1908 Excerpt: ... have a gas with only very small admixtures) in a thick-walled tube placed in a not silvered vacuumglass with liquid hydrogen, and provided with a stopcock through ') The content of this Communication is the same as that of a letter to the Editor of Nature, Apr. 23 1908, where I drew also attention to the fact that as recently as the year before in an address to the Dutch Congress of Natural Science and Medicine (see Comm. Suppl No. 18a) I had expressed the opinion that it would be scarcely possible to liquefy helium, Olszewsei and Dewar having not succeeded in liquefying it by expansion and some experiences of my own on the sinking of helium in liquid hydrogen seeming to indicate that helium was nearly a perfect gas. At the same meeting 1 indicated the determination of the isothermals of helium as the direct way to the calculation of the critical temperature. The first results I obtained in this way changed completely my views on the liquefaction of helium. ) Olszewsei from expansion experiments had deduced that the critical temperature of helium lies below 2 K. Dewar estimates the boiling point according to the absorption in charcoal at higher than 5 K. (This would agree with a critical temperature of 8 K.) ) Liquefaction by making use of the Joule-kelvin process would also be possible. which the helium could be let off from the tube into a gasholder, a gasbag or a vacuum-The liquid hydrogen round the tube was exhausted at such a pressure that hydrogen crystals just appeared at the surface of the liquid. The vacuumglass with hydrogen was surrounded by a second not silvered vacuumglass with liquid air. In the thick-walled tube, leaving only a small clearance, there was placed an extremely thin-walled beaker ) for protecting the gas which was cooled by expa...
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